住房城鄉建設部關于推進建筑業發展和改革的若干意見

各省、自治區住房(fang)城鄉建設(she)廳(ting)，直轄(xia)市建委（建設(she)交通委），新(xin)疆生產建設(she)兵團建設(she)局：

　　為深入貫徹落實(shi)黨的(de)十八大(da)和十八屆三中(zhong)全(quan)會精(jing)神(shen)，推進建(jian)筑(zhu)業發展和改(gai)革，保障工程質量(liang)安全(quan)，提(ti)升工程建(jian)設水平，針對當(dang)前建(jian)筑(zhu)市場和工程建(jian)設管理中(zhong)存(cun)在的(de)突出(chu)問(wen)題，提(ti)出(chu)如下意(yi)見(jian)：

　　一、指(zhi)導思想和發(fa)展(zhan)目標(biao)

　　（一）指導(dao)思想(xiang)。以(yi)鄧(deng)小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想(xiang)、科學發(fa)展觀為指導(dao)，加快完善現代市(shi)場體(ti)系，充分(fen)發(fa)揮市(shi)場在資(zi)源配置中的決定性作(zuo)用和(he)更好發(fa)揮政府作(zuo)用，緊緊圍繞正確(que)處理好政府和(he)市(shi)場關(guan)系的核心，切實轉(zhuan)變(bian)政府職(zhi)能，全面(mian)深化建筑業(ye)體(ti)制機制改革。

　　（二(er)）發展(zhan)目標。簡政(zheng)放權，開(kai)放市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，堅持放管(guan)(guan)并重，消(xiao)除市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)壁壘，構建統一開(kai)放、競(jing)爭有(you)序、誠信守法、監(jian)管(guan)(guan)有(you)力(li)的全國建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)體(ti)(ti)系；創新(xin)和改進政(zheng)府對建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)、質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全的監(jian)督管(guan)(guan)理機制，加強(qiang)事(shi)中事(shi)后(hou)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)，強(qiang)化市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)和現(xian)場(chang)(chang)聯動，落實(shi)各方(fang)主體(ti)(ti)責任，確保(bao)工程質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全；轉變建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)方(fang)式，推進建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產業(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化，促進建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)健康協調可(ke)持續發展(zhan)。

　　二、建(jian)立統一(yi)開放的建(jian)筑市(shi)場體系

　　（三）進(jin)一步開放(fang)建(jian)筑(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。各(ge)地(di)(di)要(yao)嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)國家相(xiang)關法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)，廢除不利于(yu)(yu)全國建(jian)筑(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)統一開放(fang)、妨(fang)礙(ai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)公平(ping)競爭的各(ge)種規(gui)(gui)定和做(zuo)法(fa)。全面清(qing)理涉及工程建(jian)設企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的各(ge)類保證金(jin)、押金(jin)等，對于(yu)(yu)沒(mei)有法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)依據的一律取(qu)消。積極推行(xing)銀(yin)行(xing)保函和誠(cheng)信(xin)擔(dan)保。規(gui)(gui)范備案管理，不得(de)設置任何排斥、限制(zhi)外地(di)(di)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)進(jin)入(ru)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)區(qu)的準入(ru)條(tiao)件，不得(de)強(qiang)制(zhi)外地(di)(di)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)參加培(pei)訓或在(zai)(zai)當(dang)地(di)(di)成立子公司等。各(ge)地(di)(di)有關跨省(sheng)承攬業(ye)(ye)務的具體管理要(yao)求，應當(dang)向社會公開。各(ge)地(di)(di)要(yao)加強(qiang)外地(di)(di)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)準入(ru)后的監督(du)管理，建(jian)立跨省(sheng)承攬業(ye)(ye)務企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的違法(fa)違規(gui)(gui)行(xing)為處理督(du)辦、協(xie)調機制(zhi)，嚴(yan)厲查處圍標串標、轉包(bao)、掛(gua)靠、違法(fa)分包(bao)等違法(fa)違規(gui)(gui)行(xing)為及質量安全事故，對于(yu)(yu)情(qing)節(jie)嚴(yan)重的，予(yu)以清(qing)出本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)建(jian)筑(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，并在(zai)(zai)全國建(jian)筑(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)監管與誠(cheng)信(xin)信(xin)息發布(bu)平(ping)臺(tai)曝(pu)光(guang)。

　　（四(si)）推進(jin)(jin)(jin)行政審批(pi)制度(du)(du)改(gai)革。堅持(chi)淡化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設企業資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、強化(hua)個人(ren)(ren)執業資(zi)(zi)格(ge)的改(gai)革方向，探索從主要(yao)依靠(kao)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)等(deng)行政手段(duan)實(shi)施市場準(zhun)入(ru)，逐步(bu)轉變為充分(fen)發(fa)揮社會信用(yong)(yong)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程擔保、保險等(deng)市場機(ji)制的作用(yong)(yong)，實(shi)現市場優勝劣汰。加(jia)快研究修訂工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設企業資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和管理(li)規定，取消(xiao)部分(fen)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類別設置，合并業務范圍相近的企業資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，合理(li)設置資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)條件(jian)，注重對(dui)企業、人(ren)(ren)員信用(yong)(yong)狀況、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全等(deng)指標(biao)(biao)的考核(he)，強化(hua)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)審批(pi)后的動態監管；簡政放權(quan)，推進(jin)(jin)(jin)審批(pi)權(quan)限下放，健全完(wan)善工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設企業資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和個人(ren)(ren)執業資(zi)(zi)格(ge)審查(cha)制度(du)(du)；改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)審批(pi)方式(shi)，推進(jin)(jin)(jin)電子化(hua)審查(cha)，加(jia)大公開(kai)公示力度(du)(du)。

　　（五）改革招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)投(tou)標(biao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。調整非(fei)國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)發包(bao)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，試行非(fei)國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)位自主決定是否(fou)進行招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)發包(bao)，是否(fou)進入有(you)(you)形(xing)市場開(kai)展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)交易活動，并(bing)由建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)位對選擇(ze)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)等單(dan)位承擔相應的(de)(de)責任。建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)位應當依法將工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)發包(bao)給具有(you)(you)相應資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質的(de)(de)承包(bao)單(dan)位，依法辦理(li)(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)許(xu)可、質量安全監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)等手(shou)續，確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)實(shi)施(shi)活動規范有(you)(you)序(xu)。各地(di)要(yao)(yao)重點加(jia)強國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)投(tou)標(biao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管，嚴格控制招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)人設(she)(she)置明顯(xian)高于招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)際需要(yao)(yao)和脫(tuo)離市場實(shi)際的(de)(de)不合理(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)，嚴禁以(yi)各種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)排斥(chi)或限制潛在投(tou)標(biao)人投(tou)標(biao)。要(yao)(yao)加(jia)快推進電子(zi)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)投(tou)標(biao)，進一步(bu)完善專家評(ping)(ping)標(biao)制度，加(jia)大(da)社(she)會監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)力(li)度，健(jian)全中標(biao)候選人公(gong)示(shi)制度，促進招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)投(tou)標(biao)活動公(gong)開(kai)透明。鼓勵(li)有(you)(you)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)探索開(kai)展(zhan)標(biao)后評(ping)(ping)估。勘察、設(she)(she)計、監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)服務的(de)(de)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)，不得以(yi)費用作(zuo)為唯一的(de)(de)中標(biao)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)。

　　（六）推(tui)進(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)監(jian)管信(xin)(xin)息化與誠信(xin)(xin)體系建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。加(jia)快推(tui)進(jin)全(quan)(quan)國工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)企(qi)業、注冊人員(yuan)、工(gong)程(cheng)項目數(shu)據(ju)庫建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，印發全(quan)(quan)國統一的(de)數(shu)據(ju)標準和(he)管理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)。各(ge)省級(ji)(ji)住房(fang)城鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)主管部(bu)門(men)要建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管一體化工(gong)作平臺，動態記錄工(gong)程(cheng)項目各(ge)方主體市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)現場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)行(xing)(xing)為，有效(xiao)實現建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)現場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)兩場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)聯(lian)動。各(ge)級(ji)(ji)住房(fang)城鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)主管部(bu)門(men)要進(jin)一步加(jia)大信(xin)(xin)息的(de)公(gong)(gong)開力度，通過(guo)全(quan)(quan)國統一信(xin)(xin)息平臺發布建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)質(zhi)量安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管信(xin)(xin)息，及(ji)時向社(she)會公(gong)(gong)布行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)審批(pi)、工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)監(jian)管、執法(fa)(fa)處(chu)罰等(deng)信(xin)(xin)息，公(gong)(gong)開曝光各(ge)類(lei)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主體和(he)人員(yuan)的(de)不良(liang)行(xing)(xing)為信(xin)(xin)息，形成(cheng)有效(xiao)的(de)社(she)會監(jian)督(du)機(ji)制。各(ge)地可結合(he)本(ben)地實際，制定完善(shan)相關法(fa)(fa)規制度，探(tan)索(suo)開展(zhan)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)企(qi)業和(he)從業人員(yuan)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)質(zhi)量安全(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)為評(ping)價(jia)(jia)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)，逐步建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立“守信(xin)(xin)激勵、失信(xin)(xin)懲(cheng)戒”的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)環境。鼓勵有條件(jian)的(de)地區研究、試(shi)行(xing)(xing)開展(zhan)社(she)會信(xin)(xin)用(yong)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)，引導建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)位等(deng)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)各(ge)方主體通過(guo)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化運作綜合(he)運用(yong)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)結果。

　　（七）進一(yi)步完善工(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度。分類(lei)(lei)指導不(bu)同投資(zi)類(lei)(lei)型工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監(jian)理(li)(li)服務模式發(fa)展。調整強(qiang)制(zhi)監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)范(fan)圍，選擇部分地區開(kai)展試點，研究制(zhi)定有(you)能(neng)力的建設單(dan)位自主決策(ce)選擇監(jian)理(li)(li)或其(qi)它管(guan)理(li)(li)模式的政策(ce)措施。具(ju)有(you)監(jian)理(li)(li)資(zi)質的工(gong)程(cheng)咨詢服務機構開(kai)展項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)的工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，可不(bu)再委托監(jian)理(li)(li)。推動(dong)一(yi)批有(you)能(neng)力的監(jian)理(li)(li)企業做優做強(qiang)。

　　（八）強(qiang)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)行(xing)為(wei)監(jian)管。全面落實建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)項目法人責任(ren)制(zhi)，強(qiang)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)的質量責任(ren)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)不得(de)違反工(gong)(gong)程招(zhao)標(biao)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖審查、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)許可、質量安全監(jian)督(du)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)程竣工(gong)(gong)驗收等基本建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)程序，不得(de)指定分包(bao)和(he)肢解發包(bao)，不得(de)與(yu)承(cheng)包(bao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)簽訂“陰陽合(he)同”、任(ren)意(yi)壓縮合(he)理工(gong)(gong)期(qi)和(he)工(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)，不得(de)以(yi)任(ren)何(he)形式要求設(she)(she)計、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)、監(jian)理及(ji)其(qi)(qi)他技術咨(zi)詢單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)違反工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)強(qiang)制(zhi)性標(biao)準，不得(de)拖欠工(gong)(gong)程款。政(zheng)府(fu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)工(gong)(gong)程一(yi)律不得(de)采取帶資(zi)承(cheng)包(bao)方式進(jin)行(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，不得(de)將帶資(zi)承(cheng)包(bao)作為(wei)招(zhao)標(biao)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)的條件。積(ji)極探(tan)索(suo)研究對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)違法行(xing)為(wei)的制(zhi)約和(he)處罰措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。各地要進(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)市場行(xing)為(wei)和(he)質量安全行(xing)為(wei)的監(jian)督(du)管理，依法加(jia)大(da)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)違法違規行(xing)為(wei)的處罰力度，并將其(qi)(qi)不良行(xing)為(wei)在全國建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)市場監(jian)管與(yu)誠信信息發布(bu)平臺曝光。

　　（九）建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)經濟相適(shi)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)(jia)體(ti)系。逐步(bu)統(tong)一各(ge)(ge)行業、各(ge)(ge)地區的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程計價(jia)(jia)規則，服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑市(shi)(shi)場(chang)。健全工(gong)(gong)(gong)程量清(qing)單(dan)和定(ding)額體(ti)系，滿足(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程全過程不(bu)同設計深度(du)、不(bu)同復雜程度(du)、多種承包方式的(de)(de)計價(jia)(jia)需要(yao)。全面推行清(qing)單(dan)計價(jia)(jia)制(zhi)度(du)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)相適(shi)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)定(ding)額管(guan)理(li)機制(zhi)，構建(jian)(jian)(jian)多元化的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)(jia)信息(xi)(xi)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)方式，清(qing)理(li)調整與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)不(bu)符的(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)類計價(jia)(jia)依據(ju)，充分(fen)發揮(hui)造價(jia)(jia)咨(zi)詢企業等(deng)第三方專業服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)作用，為市(shi)(shi)場(chang)決定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)(jia)提(ti)(ti)供保障。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)國(guo)家工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)(jia)數據(ju)庫，發布指標指數，提(ti)(ti)升造價(jia)(jia)信息(xi)(xi)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。推行工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)(jia)全過程咨(zi)詢服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)，強化國(guo)有投資工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)(jia)監管(guan)。  

　　三、強化工程(cheng)質(zhi)量安全(quan)管理

　　（十(shi)）加強(qiang)勘(kan)察(cha)(cha)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)監管。進一步落實和強(qiang)化施(shi)工圖(tu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)文件審查制度(du)(du)，推(tui)動(dong)勘(kan)察(cha)(cha)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)企(qi)業強(qiang)化內部質(zhi)量(liang)管控能力。健全(quan)勘(kan)察(cha)(cha)項目負責(ze)人對勘(kan)察(cha)(cha)全(quan)過程成果質(zhi)量(liang)負責(ze)制度(du)(du)。推(tui)行勘(kan)察(cha)(cha)現場作業人員持證(zheng)上崗制度(du)(du)。推(tui)動(dong)采用信息化手段(duan)加強(qiang)勘(kan)察(cha)(cha)質(zhi)量(liang)管理。研究建(jian)立重大設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)變更管理制度(du)(du)。推(tui)行建(jian)筑工程設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用年(nian)限告知(zhi)制度(du)(du)。推(tui)行工程設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)責(ze)任保(bao)險(xian)制度(du)(du)。

　　（十一）落(luo)實(shi)(shi)各方(fang)主體的工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)任。完善(shan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)終(zhong)身(shen)責(ze)任制，落(luo)實(shi)(shi)參建各方(fang)主體責(ze)任。落(luo)實(shi)(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)抽查巡查制度，推進實(shi)(shi)施分類監管和(he)差別化(hua)監管。完善(shan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)事故(gu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題查處通報制度，強化(hua)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)任追(zhui)究和(he)處罰。健全工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)激勵機制，營造“優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)價”市場環境。規范工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)金(jin)管理(li)，積極探索試(shi)行(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)險(xian)制度，對(dui)已實(shi)(shi)行(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)險(xian)的工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，不再預留質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)金(jin)。

　　（十二）完善工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)制(zhi)度(du)。落實工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)責任，提高施工(gong)企業質量(liang)檢驗能(neng)力。整頓規(gui)范(fan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)市場(chang)，加(jia)強檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)行為監(jian)管，加(jia)大(da)對虛假報告等(deng)違法(fa)違規(gui)行為處罰力度(du)。建(jian)立(li)健(jian)全政府對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)監(jian)督抽測(ce)(ce)(ce)制(zhi)度(du)，鼓勵各地(di)采(cai)取(qu)政府購買(mai)服務等(deng)方式加(jia)強監(jian)督檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)。

　　（十(shi)三(san)）推(tui)進(jin)質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)建設。深入推(tui)進(jin)項目經理(li)責任(ren)制，不斷提升項目質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)水平(ping)。開展(zhan)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)活動(dong)，推(tui)行(xing)質(zhi)量(liang)行(xing)為標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)和實(shi)體(ti)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)。推(tui)動(dong)企業完(wan)善質(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)證體(ti)系，加(jia)強對工(gong)程(cheng)項目的質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)，落(luo)實(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)員等施工(gong)現場專業人(ren)員職責，強化(hua)(hua)過程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制。深入開展(zhan)住宅工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)常見問題專項治理(li)，全(quan)(quan)面推(tui)行(xing)樣(yang)板引路制度(du)。全(quan)(quan)面推(tui)進(jin)建筑施工(gong)安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)建設，落(luo)實(shi)建筑施工(gong)安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)考評(ping)制度(du)，項目安全(quan)(quan)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)考評(ping)結果作為企業標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)考評(ping)的主要(yao)依據。

　　（十四）推(tui)動(dong)建筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)安(an)全專(zhuan)項治理。研究探(tan)索建筑(zhu)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機械和模板(ban)(ban)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)租賃、安(an)裝（搭設）、使用、拆除(chu)、維(wei)護(hu)保養一體化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理模式，提升起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機械、模板(ban)(ban)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理水平。規范起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機械安(an)裝拆卸工(gong)(gong)、架(jia)子工(gong)(gong)等特種作業(ye)人員(yuan)安(an)全考核，提高從業(ye)人員(yuan)安(an)全操作技能。持續開展建筑(zhu)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機械、模板(ban)(ban)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)安(an)全專(zhuan)項治理，有效遏制群死群傷事故(gu)發生。

　　（十(shi)五）強化施工(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)督。完善企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)許(xu)可制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，以企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)承建(jian)(jian)(jian)項(xiang)目安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理狀(zhuang)況為安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)許(xu)可延期審查(cha)重點，加強企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)許(xu)可的動態管(guan)理。鼓勵地(di)方探索實(shi)施企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和人(ren)員(yuan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)動態扣(kou)分制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。完善企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)保障機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，在招標時將安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)列，不得競價，保障安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)投入，規(gui)范安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)的提取、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)和管(guan)理。加強企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)對作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)意識和技能培(pei)訓(xun)，提高施工(gong)現場安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理水平。加大安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患排(pai)查(cha)力(li)度(du)(du)，依法(fa)處罰事故(gu)責任單(dan)位和責任人(ren)員(yuan)。完善建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)督制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)和安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)績效考核(he)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。支(zhi)持監(jian)管(guan)力(li)量不足的地(di)區探索以政(zheng)府購買服務方式，委托具備(bei)能力(li)的專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)社(she)會機(ji)(ji)構作(zuo)為安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)督機(ji)(ji)構輔助力(li)量。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)城市軌道交通等重大工(gong)程安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)管(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，推動建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)位對重大工(gong)程實(shi)行全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)管(guan)理，落實(shi)風險(xian)防控投入。鼓勵建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)位聘用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化社(she)會機(ji)(ji)構提供安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)管(guan)理咨詢服務。

　　四、促進建(jian)筑業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)方式(shi)轉變

　　（十(shi)六）推(tui)動(dong)建(jian)筑產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)。統籌規劃建(jian)筑產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)發展目(mu)標和路徑。推(tui)動(dong)建(jian)筑產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)結構體(ti)(ti)系、建(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)、部品(pin)構件配件生(sheng)產(chan)、施(shi)工(gong)、主體(ti)(ti)裝修集成等方(fang)面的(de)關(guan)鍵技術研(yan)究與應(ying)用。制(zhi)定完善有關(guan)設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)和驗收標準(zhun)，組織編制(zhi)相應(ying)標準(zhun)設(she)計(ji)圖集，指導(dao)建(jian)立標準(zhun)化(hua)部品(pin)構件體(ti)(ti)系。建(jian)立適(shi)應(ying)建(jian)筑產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)發展的(de)工(gong)程質量安(an)全監管制(zhi)度。鼓勵(li)各地(di)制(zhi)定建(jian)筑產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)發展規劃以及財政(zheng)(zheng)、金融、稅(shui)收、土地(di)等方(fang)面激勵(li)政(zheng)(zheng)策，培(pei)育建(jian)筑產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，鼓勵(li)建(jian)設(she)、勘察、設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)、構件生(sheng)產(chan)和科研(yan)等單位建(jian)立產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)聯(lian)盟。進(jin)一(yi)步發揮政(zheng)(zheng)府投(tou)資項目(mu)的(de)試點示范(fan)引導(dao)作用并適(shi)時擴大(da)試點范(fan)圍，積極穩妥推(tui)進(jin)建(jian)筑產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)。

　　（十(shi)七）構建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)利于形(xing)成建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)產業(ye)(ye)工(gong)人(ren)隊伍的(de)長效機制(zhi)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)以(yi)市(shi)場(chang)為導向、以(yi)關鍵崗(gang)位自有(you)工(gong)人(ren)為骨(gu)干、勞(lao)務分包(bao)(bao)為主要(yao)用工(gong)來源、勞(lao)務派遣為臨時用工(gong)補(bu)充的(de)多元化(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)用工(gong)方(fang)式。施工(gong)總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)擁(yong)有(you)一(yi)定數量的(de)技(ji)術骨(gu)干工(gong)人(ren)，鼓勵施工(gong)總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)擁(yong)有(you)獨資或(huo)控股的(de)施工(gong)勞(lao)務企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。充分利用各類職業(ye)(ye)培(pei)訓資源，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)多層次的(de)勞(lao)務人(ren)員培(pei)訓體系(xi)。大力推(tui)進建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)勞(lao)務基地(di)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，堅持(chi)(chi)“先培(pei)訓后(hou)(hou)輸出、先持(chi)(chi)證后(hou)(hou)上(shang)崗(gang)”的(de)原則。進一(yi)步落實(shi)(shi)持(chi)(chi)證上(shang)崗(gang)制(zhi)度，從事關鍵技(ji)術工(gong)種的(de)勞(lao)務人(ren)員，應(ying)取得(de)相應(ying)證書后(hou)(hou)方(fang)可上(shang)崗(gang)作業(ye)(ye)。落實(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)責(ze)任(ren)，保障勞(lao)務人(ren)員的(de)合(he)法(fa)權益(yi)。推(tui)行建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)勞(lao)務實(shi)(shi)名制(zhi)管理，逐步實(shi)(shi)現建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)勞(lao)務人(ren)員信息化(hua)管理。

　　（十(shi)八）提升建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水平。堅持以人(ren)為本(ben)、安(an)全集(ji)約、生態環保(bao)、傳承創(chuang)(chuang)新的(de)(de)理念，樹(shu)立文(wen)化自信(xin)，鼓勵建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)作。樹(shu)立設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)企業是創(chuang)(chuang)新主體的(de)(de)意識，提倡(chang)精品(pin)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。鼓勵開展(zhan)城市設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作，加強建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與城市規劃間的(de)(de)銜接。探(tan)索放開建(jian)筑工(gong)程方(fang)案(an)(an)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)資質準入限制，鼓勵相關專業人(ren)員和機(ji)構(gou)積極參與建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)(an)競選(xuan)。完善(shan)建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)(an)競選(xuan)制度，建(jian)立完善(shan)大型(xing)公共建(jian)筑方(fang)案(an)(an)公眾參與和專家輔助決(jue)策機(ji)制，在方(fang)案(an)(an)評審中，重(zhong)視設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)(an)文(wen)化內涵(han)審查(cha)。加強建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)才隊伍建(jian)設(she)(she)，著(zhu)力培養一批高層次創(chuang)(chuang)新人(ren)才。開展(zhan)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)評優，激(ji)發建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員的(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)作激(ji)情。探(tan)索研(yan)究(jiu)大型(xing)公共建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后評估制度。

　　（十(shi)九(jiu)）加大工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)推行(xing)力度。倡導工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目采用工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)模式(shi)，鼓勵有(you)實力的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)和施(shi)工(gong)企業(ye)(ye)開展工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)業(ye)(ye)務。推動建(jian)立適合(he)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)發展的(de)招標投標和工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)管(guan)理機(ji)制(zhi)，調整現行(xing)招標投標、施(shi)工(gong)許可、現場(chang)執法檢查、竣工(gong)驗收備案等環節(jie)管(guan)理制(zhi)度，為推行(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)創造政策環境。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)合(he)同(tong)中涵蓋的(de)設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)務可以不(bu)再通過公開招標方(fang)式(shi)確定分包(bao)單位。

　　（二十）提升(sheng)建筑(zhu)業技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)能(neng)力。完善以工(gong)(gong)法(fa)和專(zhuan)有技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)成果、試點示(shi)范(fan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)為抓(zhua)手的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)轉移與推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)機制，依法(fa)保護(hu)知識產權。積極推(tui)(tui)動以節能(neng)環保為特(te)征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)綠色建造技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)。推(tui)(tui)進建筑(zhu)信(xin)息模型(xing)（BIM）等信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設計、施工(gong)(gong)和運行(xing)維護(hu)全(quan)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)，提高綜合(he)效益。推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)減隔震(zhen)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。探(tan)索開展白圖(tu)(tu)替代藍圖(tu)(tu)、數字化(hua)審圖(tu)(tu)等工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。建立技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研究應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)與標準制定有效銜(xian)接的(de)(de)(de)機制，促進建筑(zhu)業科(ke)技(ji)(ji)成果轉化(hua)，加快先(xian)進適用(yong)(yong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)。加大復(fu)合(he)型(xing)、創新型(xing)人才培養力度。推(tui)(tui)動建筑(zhu)領域(yu)國(guo)際(ji)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)交流合(he)作(zuo)。

　　五(wu)、加(jia)強(qiang)建(jian)筑業發展和(he)改革工作的組織和(he)實施

　　（二十一）加強(qiang)組織(zhi)領(ling)導。各(ge)地(di)要高(gao)度(du)(du)重(zhong)視建筑業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)改革(ge)工作，加強(qiang)領(ling)導、明確(que)責任(ren)、統籌安排(pai)，研究制(zhi)(zhi)定工作方案，不斷完善(shan)相(xiang)關法規制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，推進(jin)各(ge)項制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)措施落實，及時解決發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)改革(ge)中(zhong)遇到的困難(nan)和(he)問題，整(zheng)體推進(jin)建筑業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)改革(ge)的不斷深化。

　　（二十二）積極開展試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)。各地(di)要結(jie)合(he)本(ben)地(di)實(shi)際組(zu)織(zhi)開展相關(guan)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)工作，把試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)工作與推(tui)動本(ben)地(di)區工作結(jie)合(he)起來，及時(shi)分析試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)進展情況，認真總結(jie)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)經(jing)驗，研究解決試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)中出(chu)現的(de)問題，在條件成熟時(shi)向全(quan)(quan)國推(tui)廣。要加大宣傳推(tui)動力度，調動全(quan)(quan)行業和社會各方力量(liang)，共(gong)同推(tui)進建筑業的(de)發展和改(gai)革。

　　（二(er)十三）加強協(xie)會能力建(jian)設和行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)自(zi)律。充分(fen)發揮協(xie)會在規范行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)秩序、建(jian)立行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)從業(ye)(ye)人員行(xing)(xing)(xing)為準則、促進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)誠信(xin)經(jing)營(ying)等方面的行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)自(zi)律作用，提(ti)高協(xie)會在促進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)技術進(jin)步、提(ti)升行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)管理水平(ping)、反映企(qi)業(ye)(ye)訴求、提(ti)出政(zheng)策(ce)建(jian)議等方面的服(fu)務(wu)能力。鼓勵行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會研(yan)究制(zhi)定非政(zheng)府(fu)投資工程咨詢(xun)服(fu)務(wu)類收費行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)參考價，抵制(zhi)惡意低(di)價、不合理低(di)價競爭行(xing)(xing)(xing)為，維護行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)發展利(li)益(yi)。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中華人民共和國住房和城鄉建設部
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2014年7月1日