國務院辦公廳關于促進建筑業 持續健康發展的意見
2017/02/24
國(guo)務院(yuan)辦公(gong)廳關(guan)于促進(jin)建筑業
持(chi)續健(jian)康發展的意見
國辦(ban)發〔2017〕19號
各省、自(zi)治區、直(zhi)轄市人民(min)政府，國(guo)務院各部委、各直(zhi)屬機構：
建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是國民(min)(min)經(jing)濟(ji)的支(zhi)柱產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。改革(ge)開(kai)放以來(lai)，我國建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)快速發(fa)展(zhan)，建(jian)造能力(li)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增強(qiang)(qiang)，產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴大，吸納了(le)大量(liang)農村轉移勞動力(li)，帶動了(le)大量(liang)關聯產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，對經(jing)濟(ji)社會發(fa)展(zhan)、城(cheng)鄉(xiang)建(jian)設和民(min)(min)生改善作(zuo)出(chu)了(le)重要貢獻。但也要看到，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)仍然大而不(bu)(bu)強(qiang)(qiang)，監管體制機制不(bu)(bu)健全、工(gong)程建(jian)設組織方式落(luo)后、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設計水(shui)平(ping)有(you)待提(ti)高、質量(liang)安全事故時有(you)發(fa)生、市場違法違規行為(wei)(wei)較多、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)核心競爭力(li)不(bu)(bu)強(qiang)(qiang)、工(gong)人技能素質偏低等(deng)問(wen)題較為(wei)(wei)突出(chu)。為(wei)(wei)貫徹落(luo)實(shi)《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang) 國務(wu)院關于進一步加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)城(cheng)市規劃建(jian)設管理工(gong)作(zuo)的若干意見(jian)》，進一步深化建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“放管服”改革(ge)，加(jia)快產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)升級，促(cu)進建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)持續健康發(fa)展(zhan)，為(wei)(wei)新型城(cheng)鎮化提(ti)供(gong)支(zhi)撐，經(jing)國務(wu)院同(tong)意，現提(ti)出(chu)以下意見(jian)：
一(yi)、總(zong)體要求
全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)貫(guan)徹黨的十八(ba)大和(he)十八(ba)屆二中(zhong)(zhong)、三(san)中(zhong)(zhong)、四(si)中(zhong)(zhong)、五(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)、六(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)會(hui)以(yi)及中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)經濟工作會(hui)議、中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)城(cheng)鎮化工作會(hui)議、中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)城(cheng)市(shi)工作會(hui)議精(jing)神，深入貫(guan)徹習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總書(shu)記系列重要講(jiang)話精(jing)神和(he)治(zhi)國理政新理念新思想(xiang)新戰略(lve)，認真(zhen)落(luo)實(shi)黨中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)、國務院決策(ce)部署，統籌(chou)推進(jin)“五(wu)位一(yi)體(ti)”總體(ti)布(bu)局和(he)協(xie)調推進(jin)“四(si)個(ge)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)”戰略(lve)布(bu)局，牢(lao)固(gu)樹立和(he)貫(guan)徹落(luo)實(shi)創新、協(xie)調、綠色(se)、開(kai)放、共享的發展理念，堅持以(yi)推進(jin)供給側結構性改革為主(zhu)線(xian)，按照(zhao)適(shi)用、經濟、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)、綠色(se)、美觀的要求，深化建(jian)筑業“放管(guan)服”改革，完(wan)善監(jian)管(guan)體(ti)制機制，優化市(shi)場環境，提升工程質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)水平(ping)，強(qiang)化隊伍(wu)建(jian)設，增強(qiang)企業核心競(jing)爭力，促(cu)進(jin)建(jian)筑業持續健(jian)康發展，打(da)造(zao)“中(zhong)(zhong)國建(jian)造(zao)”品牌(pai)。
二、深(shen)化建(jian)筑業簡政放權改(gai)革(ge)
（一）優化資質(zhi)資格管理。進一(yi)(yi)步簡(jian)化工程(cheng)(cheng)建設企(qi)業(ye)資質(zhi)類別和等級設置，減少不必要的(de)資質(zhi)認定。選擇部分地區開展(zhan)試點，對信(xin)(xin)用良好(hao)、具有(you)相關專業(ye)技術能(neng)力(li)、能(neng)夠提(ti)供足額(e)擔保的(de)企(qi)業(ye)，在其資質(zhi)類別內放寬承攬業(ye)務(wu)范圍限制(zhi)，同時(shi)，加(jia)快(kuai)完善信(xin)(xin)用體(ti)系、工程(cheng)(cheng)擔保及個(ge)人(ren)執(zhi)業(ye)資格等相關配套制(zhi)度(du)，加(jia)強事中事后監管(guan)。強化個(ge)人(ren)執(zhi)業(ye)資格管(guan)理，明晰注冊執(zhi)業(ye)人(ren)員的(de)權利、義務(wu)和責(ze)(ze)任，加(jia)大(da)(da)執(zhi)業(ye)責(ze)(ze)任追究(jiu)力(li)度(du)。有(you)序發展(zhan)個(ge)人(ren)執(zhi)業(ye)事務(wu)所(suo)，推(tui)動建立個(ge)人(ren)執(zhi)業(ye)保險制(zhi)度(du)。大(da)(da)力(li)推(tui)行(xing)(xing)“互聯網+政務(wu)服務(wu)”，實行(xing)(xing)“一(yi)(yi)站式”網上(shang)審(shen)批(pi)，進一(yi)(yi)步提(ti)高建筑領(ling)域行(xing)(xing)政審(shen)批(pi)效率。
（二）完(wan)善招標投標制度。加快(kuai)修訂《工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)范圍(wei)和(he)規模(mo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準規定》，縮小并(bing)嚴格(ge)界定必須進行招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)范圍(wei)，放寬有(you)關(guan)規模(mo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準，防(fang)止(zhi)工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)行招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)“一刀切”。在民間投(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)房屋建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程中(zhong)，探(tan)索由建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單位自主決定發包方式。將依法(fa)必須招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)納(na)入(ru)統一的(de)公共資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)交易平臺(tai)，遵(zun)循公平、公正、公開和(he)誠信的(de)原則(ze)，規范招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)行為(wei)。進一步簡化招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)程序(xu)，盡快(kuai)實(shi)現(xian)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)交易全(quan)過(guo)程電子化，推行網(wang)上異地評標(biao)(biao)(biao)。對依法(fa)通過(guo)競爭性談判或單一來源(yuan)方式確(que)定供(gong)應(ying)商的(de)政府(fu)采購工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)，符合(he)相應(ying)條(tiao)件的(de)應(ying)當(dang)頒(ban)發施(shi)工(gong)許可證。
三、完善工程建設組(zu)織模(mo)式
（三）加(jia)快推行工(gong)程總承(cheng)包。裝(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)(shi)建筑原則上應(ying)采用(yong)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包模式(shi)(shi)。政府投資工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)應(ying)完善建設管理(li)模式(shi)(shi)，帶頭(tou)推行(xing)(xing)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包。加(jia)快完善工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)招標(biao)投標(biao)、施工許可、竣工驗收(shou)等(deng)制度(du)規定。按照總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包負總(zong)責的(de)原則，落實工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包單位在工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量安全(quan)、進(jin)度(du)控制、成本管理(li)等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)責任(ren)。除以(yi)暫估(gu)價形(xing)式(shi)(shi)包括在工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包范(fan)圍內且依(yi)法必須進(jin)行(xing)(xing)招標(biao)的(de)項目外，工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包單位可以(yi)直接(jie)發包總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包合同中涵蓋的(de)其他專業業務。
（四(si)）培育全(quan)過程工(gong)程咨(zi)詢。鼓勵(li)投資咨(zi)(zi)詢、勘察、設計(ji)、監(jian)理、招標代(dai)理、造價等企業(ye)采取聯(lian)合(he)經(jing)營、并購(gou)重組等方式發展全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢，培育一(yi)批(pi)具有國(guo)際水平的(de)全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢企業(ye)。制定全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢服務(wu)技術標準和合(he)同范(fan)本(ben)。政(zheng)(zheng)府投資工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)應帶(dai)頭推行全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢，鼓勵(li)非政(zheng)(zheng)府投資工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)委托全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢服務(wu)。在民用建筑(zhu)(zhu)項目中，充分發揮(hui)建筑(zhu)(zhu)師的(de)主導作用，鼓勵(li)提供全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢服務(wu)。
四、加強工程質量安全管理
（五）嚴格落實工程(cheng)質量責任(ren)。全面落實各方主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)，特別要(yao)強化建(jian)(jian)設(she)單位的(de)首(shou)要(yao)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)和勘察、設(she)計(ji)、施工單位的(de)主(zhu)體(ti)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)。嚴格執行(xing)工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量終身(shen)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)制，在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物明顯部位設(she)置永久性(xing)標牌，公示(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)主(zhu)體(ti)和主(zhu)要(yao)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)人(ren)。對違反有關規定(ding)、造(zao)成(cheng)工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量事(shi)故的(de)，依法(fa)給(gei)予責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)單位停(ting)業整頓、降低資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)級、吊銷(xiao)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)書等(deng)(deng)行(xing)政處罰并通過國家企(qi)業信用信息公示(shi)系統予以公示(shi)，給(gei)予注冊執業人(ren)員(yuan)暫停(ting)執業、吊銷(xiao)資(zi)格證(zheng)(zheng)書、一定(ding)時(shi)間直至終身(shen)不得進(jin)入行(xing)業等(deng)(deng)處罰。對發(fa)生工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量事(shi)故造(zao)成(cheng)損失(shi)的(de)，要(yao)依法(fa)追究經(jing)濟賠償責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)，情(qing)節嚴重的(de)要(yao)追究有關單位和人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)法(fa)律責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)。參與房地(di)產開發(fa)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業企(qi)業應依法(fa)合規經(jing)營(ying)，提高住宅品質(zhi)(zhi)。
（六）加強安全(quan)生產管理。全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)落(luo)實安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生產責任，加強施工(gong)現場安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)護，特別要強化(hua)對深(shen)基坑、高支(zhi)模(mo)、起(qi)重機械等危險(xian)性較大的(de)分部分項(xiang)工(gong)程的(de)管理，以及對不良地(di)質(zhi)地(di)區(qu)重大工(gong)程項(xiang)目的(de)風險(xian)評估或論(lun)證。推(tui)進信(xin)息(xi)技術(shu)與安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生產深(shen)度(du)融合，加快建設建筑施工(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監管信(xin)息(xi)系統，通過信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)手段加強安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生產管理。建立健全(quan)(quan)(quan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)覆(fu)蓋、多層次、經(jing)常性的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生產培訓制度(du)，提升(sheng)從(cong)業人員(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)素質(zhi)以及各方(fang)主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)本質(zhi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)水平。
（七）全面提高監管水平。完(wan)善工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)律法(fa)規和(he)管(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)企業負責、政(zheng)府(fu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)、社會(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)障體(ti)系。強(qiang)(qiang)化政(zheng)府(fu)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)，明確監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)范圍，落實(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)責任，加(jia)大抽(chou)查抽(chou)測力度(du)，重點(dian)(dian)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)(dui)涉及公共安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)地基基礎、主體(ti)結構(gou)等(deng)部位(wei)和(he)竣工(gong)(gong)驗收等(deng)環節的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督檢(jian)查。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督隊伍建設，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督機(ji)構(gou)履行職能所需經費由同(tong)級財政(zheng)預算全(quan)(quan)(quan)額(e)保(bao)(bao)障。政(zheng)府(fu)可采取(qu)購買服務(wu)的(de)(de)方式，委托具備條件的(de)(de)社會(hui)力量(liang)進行工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督檢(jian)查。推進工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)標準化管(guan)理，督促各方主體(ti)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)控機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。強(qiang)(qiang)化對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)，選擇部分地區開展監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理單(dan)位(wei)向政(zheng)府(fu)報告質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理情(qing)況的(de)(de)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)測機(ji)構(gou)管(guan)理，嚴厲打擊出具虛假報告等(deng)行為。推動發展工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)。
五、優化建筑市場(chang)環境
（八(ba)）建立統一(yi)開放市場。打破區域市(shi)場準(zhun)(zhun)入壁(bi)壘(lei)，取消各地(di)區、各行業(ye)(ye)在法律、行政法規(gui)和國(guo)務院規(gui)定外對(dui)建筑業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)設置(zhi)的(de)不合(he)理準(zhun)(zhun)入條(tiao)件(jian)；嚴禁擅自設立(li)(li)或變相設立(li)(li)審批、備案事(shi)項(xiang)，為建筑業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)提供公(gong)(gong)平(ping)市(shi)場環境。完善全(quan)國(guo)建筑市(shi)場監管公(gong)(gong)共服務平(ping)臺，加快實現與全(quan)國(guo)信用信息共享平(ping)臺和國(guo)家(jia)企業(ye)(ye)信用信息公(gong)(gong)示系統(tong)的(de)數(shu)據共享交換。建立(li)(li)建筑市(shi)場主體黑名單制度，依(yi)法依(yi)規(gui)全(quan)面公(gong)(gong)開(kai)企業(ye)(ye)和個人(ren)信用記(ji)錄，接(jie)受(shou)社會監督。
（九）加強承(cheng)包履約(yue)管理(li)。引(yin)導承包(bao)企業以銀(yin)行(xing)保函或擔(dan)保公司保函的形式，向建設單位(wei)提(ti)供履(lv)約(yue)擔(dan)保。對采用常規(gui)(gui)通用技術(shu)標準的政府投資(zi)工程(cheng)(cheng)，在(zai)原(yuan)則上(shang)實(shi)行(xing)最低價(jia)中標的同時，有(you)效發(fa)揮(hui)履(lv)約(yue)擔(dan)保的作用，防(fang)止(zhi)惡意低價(jia)中標，確保工程(cheng)(cheng)投資(zi)不超預算(suan)。嚴厲查(cha)處(chu)轉包(bao)和(he)違(wei)法分包(bao)等行(xing)為(wei)。完善工程(cheng)(cheng)量清單計價(jia)體系和(he)工程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)信息發(fa)布機制，形成統(tong)一(yi)的工程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)計價(jia)規(gui)(gui)則，合理確定和(he)有(you)效控制工程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)。
（十(shi)）規范(fan)工程價款結算(suan)。審(shen)計(ji)機關應(ying)依(yi)法加強對以政府(fu)投資為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的公共工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設項(xiang)目的審(shen)計(ji)監督(du)，建設單(dan)位不(bu)得(de)將未(wei)完成審(shen)計(ji)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)延期工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結算、拖欠工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)的理由(you)。未(wei)完成竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)結算的項(xiang)目，有關部(bu)門(men)不(bu)予辦理產權登記。對長期拖欠工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)的單(dan)位不(bu)得(de)批準新項(xiang)目開工(gong)(gong)(gong)。嚴格執行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)付(fu)款(kuan)制度，及時按合同約(yue)定(ding)足額向承包(bao)單(dan)位支付(fu)預(yu)付(fu)款(kuan)。通過工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)支付(fu)擔保等經濟、法律手段約(yue)束建設單(dan)位履(lv)約(yue)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，預(yu)防(fang)拖欠工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)。
六、提高從業(ye)人員素質
（十(shi)一）加快培養建筑人才(cai)。積極培育既有國(guo)際(ji)視野又有民族自(zi)信(xin)的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)師隊伍。加快(kuai)培養熟悉(xi)國(guo)際(ji)規則的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業高級(ji)管(guan)理人(ren)才。大力(li)推(tui)進(jin)校企合作(zuo)，培養建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業專業人(ren)才。加強工(gong)(gong)(gong)程現(xian)場管(guan)理人(ren)員和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的教育培訓。健全(quan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業職(zhi)業技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)標(biao)準體系(xi)，全(quan)面實施建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)職(zhi)業技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)鑒(jian)定制度。發展(zhan)一批建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)鑒(jian)定機構，開展(zhan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)評價工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。通過制定施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)基本配(pei)備標(biao)準、發布(bu)各個技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)等級(ji)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種的人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本信(xin)息等方式，引導企業將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資分配(pei)向(xiang)關鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)崗位傾斜。大力(li)弘(hong)揚工(gong)(gong)(gong)匠精(jing)神，培養高素質(zhi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)，到(dao)2020年(nian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業中級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)水平以上的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)數量達(da)到(dao)300萬(wan)，2025年(nian)達(da)到(dao)1000萬(wan)。
（十二）改(gai)革建筑用(yong)工(gong)制度。推(tui)動(dong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞務企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型，大力發(fa)展(zhan)木工(gong)(gong)、電工(gong)(gong)、砌筑(zhu)、鋼筋制作(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)以(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為主的專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)的主要載體，逐步(bu)實(shi)現(xian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)公司化、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化管理(li)。鼓(gu)勵現(xian)有專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進一(yi)步(bu)做專(zhuan)做精，增強競爭力，推(tui)動(dong)形成一(yi)批以(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為主的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。促進建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農民工(gong)(gong)向技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)轉型，著(zhu)力穩定(ding)和擴大建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農民工(gong)(gong)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)。建(jian)(jian)立全(quan)國建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)管理(li)服務信息平臺，開(kai)展(zhan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)實(shi)名制管理(li)，記錄建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)的身份信息、培訓情況、職業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)能、從(cong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)記錄等(deng)信息，逐步(bu)實(shi)現(xian)全(quan)覆蓋(gai)。
（十三）保護工人合法權益。全(quan)面落(luo)實勞(lao)動合同(tong)制度，加(jia)大監察力(li)度，督促施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)與招(zhao)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)人依(yi)法簽訂勞(lao)動合同(tong)，到2020年基本實現勞(lao)動合同(tong)全(quan)覆蓋。健(jian)全(quan)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)付保(bao)障(zhang)制度，按照誰(shui)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)誰(shui)負責和總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包負總(zong)(zong)責的(de)(de)原則，落(luo)實企業工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)付責任，依(yi)法按月足額發放工(gong)(gong)人工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)。將存在拖欠工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)行(xing)為(wei)的(de)(de)企業列入黑名(ming)單，對其采取限(xian)制市(shi)場(chang)準入等懲(cheng)戒措施(shi)(shi)，情節嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)降低資(zi)(zi)質等級。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業相適應的(de)(de)社會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)參保(bao)繳費方(fang)式，大力(li)推進建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)險(xian)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)應履行(xing)社會(hui)責任，不斷改善建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環境，提(ti)升職業健(jian)康(kang)水平，促進建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)人穩定就業。
七、推(tui)進建筑(zhu)產業現代(dai)化(hua)
（十四(si)）推廣智能和裝配式建筑(zhu)。堅持標準化(hua)(hua)設(she)計、工廠化(hua)(hua)生產、裝(zhuang)配(pei)化(hua)(hua)施工、一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)裝(zhuang)修、信息化(hua)(hua)管理(li)、智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)應用(yong)，推動建(jian)(jian)造方(fang)式(shi)(shi)創新，大力發(fa)(fa)展裝(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)(shi)混凝(ning)土(tu)和鋼結構(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，在具備(bei)條件的地方(fang)倡導發(fa)(fa)展現代木結構(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，不斷提高裝(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在新建(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)的比(bi)例。力爭用(yong)10年左(zuo)右的時間，使(shi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)占新建(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積的比(bi)例達到30%。在新建(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和既有建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)改(gai)造中(zhong)推廣普(pu)及智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)應用(yong)，完(wan)善智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)系統(tong)運行(xing)維護機制(zhi)，實現建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)舒適安全、節能(neng)高效。
（十五）提升建筑設計水平。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)應(ying)體現(xian)地域特(te)征、民族特(te)點和(he)時代風貌，突出建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)使用功能(neng)及節(jie)能(neng)、節(jie)水(shui)、節(jie)地、節(jie)材和(he)環(huan)保(bao)等要求，提供功能(neng)適(shi)用、經濟合(he)理、安全可靠、技術(shu)先進、環(huan)境協調(diao)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)產品。健全適(shi)應(ying)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)特(te)點的(de)招(zhao)標投(tou)標制度，推行設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)團隊(dui)招(zhao)標、設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方案招(zhao)標等方式。促(cu)進國內外建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)企業公平競(jing)爭(zheng)，培育(yu)有國際競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)隊(dui)伍。倡(chang)導(dao)開展建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)評論，促(cu)進建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)理念(nian)的(de)融合(he)和(he)升華。
（十六）加強技術研(yan)發應用。加(jia)(jia)快先(xian)進建造(zao)設(she)(she)備、智能設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)研發、制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)和(he)(he)(he)推廣應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，提升各類施工(gong)(gong)(gong)機具的(de)(de)性能和(he)(he)(he)效率，提高機械化施工(gong)(gong)(gong)程度。限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)淘汰(tai)落(luo)后、危險工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝工(gong)(gong)(gong)法，保障生產(chan)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)(quan)。積極(ji)支持建筑業(ye)科(ke)研工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，大幅提高技(ji)(ji)術創新對產(chan)業(ye)發展的(de)(de)貢(gong)獻率。加(jia)(jia)快推進建筑信(xin)息模型(xing)（BIM）技(ji)(ji)術在(zai)規劃、勘(kan)察、設(she)(she)計(ji)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)運營維護全(quan)(quan)過程的(de)(de)集(ji)成應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，實現工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設(she)(she)項(xiang)目全(quan)(quan)生命(ming)周期數據共(gong)享和(he)(he)(he)信(xin)息化管(guan)理(li)，為(wei)項(xiang)目方案優化和(he)(he)(he)科(ke)學決策提供依據，促進建筑業(ye)提質增效。
（十七）完善工程建(jian)設標準。整合精簡(jian)強(qiang)制性(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，適(shi)度提(ti)高(gao)安全、質量、性(xing)能、健康、節能等(deng)強(qiang)制性(xing)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)要求，逐步提(ti)高(gao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)水平(ping)(ping)。積(ji)極培(pei)育(yu)團體標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，鼓勵具備相(xiang)應能力(li)的(de)(de)行業協會(hui)、產業聯盟等(deng)主(zhu)體共同(tong)制定(ding)滿(man)足(zu)市場和(he)創新需(xu)要的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，建(jian)立強(qiang)制性(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)與團體標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)供(gong)給(gei)體制，增加標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)有效供(gong)給(gei)。及時開(kai)展標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)復審，加快標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)修訂，提(ti)高(gao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)時效性(xing)。加強(qiang)科技(ji)研發與標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制定(ding)的(de)(de)信息(xi)溝通(tong)，建(jian)立全國工程建(jian)設標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)專(zhuan)家(jia)委員會(hui)，為(wei)工程建(jian)設標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化工作提(ti)供(gong)技(ji)術支撐，提(ti)高(gao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)質量和(he)水平(ping)(ping)。
八、加快建筑(zhu)業(ye)企業(ye)“走出去”
（十八）加強(qiang)中外標準銜(xian)接。積極開(kai)展中(zhong)外標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對比研(yan)究，適應(ying)國(guo)際(ji)通行的標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)內容結(jie)構(gou)、要素指標(biao)(biao)和(he)相關術(shu)(shu)語，縮小中(zhong)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)與國(guo)外先(xian)(xian)進(jin)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)差距(ju)。加(jia)大中(zhong)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)外文版翻譯和(he)宣傳推(tui)廣(guang)力(li)度，以“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”戰略為引(yin)領(ling)，優(you)先(xian)(xian)在對外投資、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)輸出和(he)援建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目中(zhong)推(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用(yong)。積極參加(jia)國(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)認證(zheng)、交(jiao)流等活動，開(kai)展工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的雙邊(bian)合作(zuo)。到2025年，實(shi)現(xian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)全部有外文版。
（十九）提(ti)高(gao)對外承(cheng)包能力。統籌協調建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)“走(zou)出去”，充分發揮(hui)我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在高(gao)鐵、公路(lu)、電力、港(gang)口、機(ji)場、油氣長(chang)輸管(guan)道、高(gao)層建(jian)筑(zhu)等(deng)工程建(jian)設方面(mian)(mian)的比較優勢(shi)，有(you)目(mu)(mu)標、有(you)重點(dian)、有(you)組織地(di)對(dui)外(wai)承包(bao)工程，參與“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路(lu)”建(jian)設。建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)要加大對(dui)國(guo)際(ji)標準的研究力度(du)，積極適應國(guo)際(ji)標準，加強對(dui)外(wai)承包(bao)工程質量、履約等(deng)方面(mian)(mian)管(guan)理，在援外(wai)住房等(deng)民生項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)中發揮(hui)積極作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。鼓(gu)勵大企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)帶(dai)動中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)、沿海沿邊地(di)區(qu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)“出海”，積極有(you)序開拓國(guo)際(ji)市場，避(bi)免惡性競爭。引(yin)導對(dui)外(wai)承包(bao)工程企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)向項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)融資、設計(ji)咨(zi)詢、后續運營維(wei)護(hu)管(guan)理等(deng)高(gao)附(fu)加值的領域有(you)序拓展。推動企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)提高(gao)屬地(di)化經營水平，實現與所(suo)在國(guo)家和地(di)區(qu)互利共贏。
（二(er)十）加大政策扶持力度(du)。加強建筑(zhu)業“走出(chu)去”相(xiang)關主管部門間的(de)溝通(tong)協調和信息共享。到2025年，與大部分(fen)“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”沿線國家和地區簽訂雙(shuang)邊工程建設合(he)作(zuo)備忘錄(lu)，同(tong)時(shi)爭取在(zai)雙(shuang)邊自貿協定中納(na)入相(xiang)關內容(rong)，推進建設領(ling)域執業資格國際(ji)互認(ren)。綜(zong)合(he)發揮各類金融工具的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，重點支持對(dui)(dui)外經濟合(he)作(zuo)中建筑(zhu)領(ling)域的(de)重大戰略項目。借鑒國際(ji)通(tong)行的(de)項目融資模式，按照風險可(ke)(ke)控(kong)、商業可(ke)(ke)持續原則，加大對(dui)(dui)建筑(zhu)業“走出(chu)去”的(de)金融支持力度。
各(ge)地區、各(ge)部門要高度重視(shi)深化(hua)建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)工作(zuo)，健全工作(zuo)機制(zhi)，明確(que)任務分工，及時研(yan)究解決(jue)建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)中的重大問題，完善相(xiang)關政(zheng)策，確(que)保按(an)期完成各(ge)項改(gai)革(ge)(ge)任務。加快推動修訂建(jian)筑法(fa)、招標投標法(fa)等(deng)法(fa)律(lv)，完善相(xiang)關法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規。充分發(fa)揮(hui)協會(hui)(hui)商會(hui)(hui)熟悉行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、貼近企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的優勢(shi)，及時反(fan)映企業(ye)(ye)(ye)訴求(qiu)，反(fan)饋政(zheng)策落實情況，發(fa)揮(hui)好(hao)規范行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)秩(zhi)序、建(jian)立(li)從(cong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員(yuan)行(xing)為準(zhun)則(ze)、促(cu)進(jin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)誠信經營(ying)等(deng)方面的自律(lv)作(zuo)用(yong)。
國務院辦公廳
2017年2月21日(ri)
